Harvesting marijuana outdoors is one of the most exciting times for growers. After months of care and dedication, the final step is crucial to ensure high quality and maximize the yield of buds. Harvesting at the right time and with the right techniques is essential to get the best potency, aroma, and flavor from the plant.
- The Optimal Time to Harvest
Harvest success depends largely on when you decide to cut your plants. Cannabis has a specific maturation period, and it is vital to harvest at the exact point to ensure that cannabinoids (such as THC and CBD) and terpenes (the compounds that provide aroma and flavour) are at their maximum potential.
A) Flowering Phase
The marijuana plant goes through several growth phases, but the flowering phase is the most relevant for harvesting. This period can last from 6 to 12 weeks outdoors, depending on the strain. Indica plants usually mature faster than sativas, so flowering time varies.
B) Observation of the Trichomes
The most accurate way to determine if a plant is ready to harvest is to look at the trichomes. These are tiny resin glands that contain cannabinoids and terpenes, and they change in appearance as the plant matures. Using a magnifying glass or microscope, you can observe the color of the trichomes:
Translucent: If the trichomes are clear and transparent, it means that the plant is still immature and needs to continue maturing.
Milky: Milky trichomes indicate that the plant is at its peak THC levels and is ready to harvest if you are looking for the highest psychoactive effect.
Amber: When the trichomes turn amber, the THC begins to degrade into CBN, which can provide a more sedative effect. This is the time for those who prefer a more relaxing marijuana.
C) Color of the Pistils
Pistils (the little hairs that stick out from the buds) also change color over time. When 70-90% of the pistils turn from white to orange or brown, it's a good sign that the plant is ready to harvest.
- Suitable Weather Conditions for Harvesting
The weather plays a key role in outdoor marijuana harvesting. Choosing the right time is essential, as rain or excessive humidity can ruin the buds.
Dry and sunny weather: Ideally, you should harvest on a dry and sunny day. Excessive humidity during the harvest period increases the risk of mold and botrytis (bud rot), which can destroy a large part of the crop.
Avoid rain: If a storm is approaching, it is better to harvest early. Rain can affect the density and quality of the buds, as well as hindering the subsequent drying process.
- How to Harvest Correctly
Once you've determined that your plants are ready for harvest, follow these steps to ensure an efficient and clean cut:
A) Necessary Tools
Pruning Shears: Use sharp, sterilized scissors to trim branches and buds.
Gloves: Gloves are important, as trichomes are sticky and easily adhere to skin.
Trays or Boxes: You'll need a clean space to place your freshly cut buds.
B) Cutting the Plants
The cutting technique varies depending on the grower, but generally you can opt for two main methods:
Cutting the whole plant: The entire plant is cut from the base and hung to dry. This method is useful if you have enough space to hang the plants.
Cut branch by branch: Some growers prefer to cut the main branches individually, which allows for easier handling and more even drying.
C) Initial pruning
After cutting the plant, it is advisable to do an initial pruning. This involves removing the larger leaves (fan leaves) that do not have trichomes and do not add value to the final product. Pruning the larger leaves also helps speed up the drying process.
- Drying and Curing
Once you have trimmed and pruned your plants, the next critical step is drying and curing. These processes are essential to preserving the quality, flavor, and potency of your marijuana.
A) Drying
Drying space: It should be a dark, well-ventilated place, with a temperature between 18-24°C and a relative humidity of 45-55%. Hanging the branches on a clothesline or using drying racks is an effective way to dry the plants.
Drying time: Drying usually takes between 7-14 days depending on environmental conditions. You know the buds are dry when the small branches break easily instead of bending.
B) Cured
Curing is a crucial step that improves the aroma, flavor, and potency of your buds. Here's how to do it:
Glass Jars: Place dried buds in airtight glass jars, filling them only 75% full to allow for air circulation.
Daily Opening: For the first two weeks, open the jars once a day to let out any accumulated moisture. This is called “airing out” the buds and prevents mold.
Curing time: Curing can last anywhere from 2 weeks to several months. The longer you cure your buds, the better their quality will be.
- Common Problems During Harvest
Even with careful planning, you may face some problems during outdoor harvesting:
Pests: During the last few days before harvest, pests such as spider mites or aphids may attack the plants. Inspect regularly and take action if you detect infestations.
Mold: Unexpected rain or excessive humidity can cause mold on buds. If you detect mold, you should immediately remove the affected areas to prevent it from spreading.
Conclusion
Harvesting marijuana outdoors is a rewarding process, but it requires attention to detail and good judgment about timing. By observing the trichomes, pistils, and weather conditions, you can determine the perfect point for harvesting. Additionally, the drying and curing process is crucial to obtaining high-quality buds that are not only potent but also offer the best aroma and flavor. With these strategies, you can maximize the quality of your harvest and enjoy the fruits of your labor in their best form.